Greetings from RGE Monitor!

Greetings from RGE Monitor!

Below you will find a preview of our views on the short- and medium-term outlook for the U.S. economy. The full version of the RGE U.S. Economic Outlook Update (available only for RGE Advisory Services subscribers) will include analysis on:

* H2 2009 Pick-Up in GDP Growth a Temporary Phenomenon
* Auto Sector Impact Overstated
* A Smaller-than-Expected Boost from Inventories
* Residential Investment to Disappoint
* W-Shaped Impact of Fiscal Stimulus
* No Signs of Consumption Revival
* Weak Outlook for Private Investment
* Consumer Retreat Will Be Structural
* Higher Structural Unemployment
* Less Credit in the Economy
* Corporate Restructuring Will Hit Productive Investment
* Public Sector Will Be a Drag on Growth
* Rebalancing Growth


A number of economic and financial variables have exhibited signs of improvement recently even if macro indicators are still mixed. The pace of economic deterioration has slowed significantly, and after four quarters of severe contraction in economic activity, RGE Monitor now forecasts that the U.S. will display positive real GDP growth in the second half of 2009. As discussed below, however, that does not mean that the recession in the U.S. is already over, as many analysts have argued. Indeed, all the variables used by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) to date recessionary periods will continue to contract or display sub-par growth. However, RGE Monitor now anticipates that policy measures and other factors will boost real GDP growth, albeit in a temporary manner, in the second half of 2009. Yet the shape of the recovery (will it be V, U or W?) and other challenges will influence the U.S. economic outlook going forward. According to RGE Monitor, growth will remain well below potential in 2010, while the shape of the recovery will be closer to a U.

Some of the so-called “green shoots” observed in the economy in recent months can be defined as green shoots only if compared with the economic picture painted at the beginning of the year. The contraction in some indicators, such as industrial production, is still comparable to the recessions in the 1970s and 1980s. The July 2009 employment report displayed “only” 247,000 non-farm payroll losses—hardly qualifying as a green shoot in any other post-war recession. (See Easing Job Losses Don’t Change Weak Prospects for U.S. Recovery). However, given how close the U.S. was to entering a depression, even 250,000 payroll losses seem capable of cheering up investors.


H2 2009 Pick-Up in GDP Growth a Temporary Phenomenon

In H2 2009, as the economy bottoms out from a record contraction (the worst in the last 60 years), adjustments, such as slower inventory destocking, will occur, while policy measures such as “cash for clunkers” will boost auto production and induce continued spending brought on by the stimulus. According to RGE Monitor, these factors will likely bring U.S. real GDP growth back to positive territory in Q3 2009. However, the NBER is not likely to call the end of the recession until at least late 2009 or early 2010. In addition to GDP growth, the NBER looks at four variables in making recession calls: real personal income less transfer payments, real manufacturing and wholesale-retail trade sales, industrial production and payroll employment. While all of these indicators might perform better in H2 than in H1 2009, they are likely to remain in contraction or register sub-par growth. With the labor market now a leading indicator for the recovery in private consumption and the wider economy, trends in payrolls will definitely influence the NBER's call.

Lower Trend Growth Will Characterize the Recovery

The inventory adjustments will largely be over by the middle of 2010 as will the impact of the stimulus. But since the recovery in private demand will be weak, the economy is poised to slip back to anemic growth (well below potential) in 2010, posing the risk of a double-dip recession. Exhausting most policy measures now means that there will be little room for additional fiscal and monetary stimuli in the future. Policy measures entailing long-term fiscal costs can only provide temporary stimulus to growth. Any sustained economic recovery will ultimately have to come from the revival in private demand—i.e. through consumption and investment—both of which will be constrained by structural factors.

Preceded by a financial crisis, this is the most severe and prolonged recession since the 1930s. Avoiding the short-term pain of private-sector deleveraging by socializing private losses and re-leveraging the public sector with large deficits and debt accumulation will spur long-term costs and crowd out private spending. The drivers of the previous economic boom—consumers, the housing sector and easy credit—will remain under pressure even after the economy is out of recession. Structural weaknesses will persist. Until the economy finds new sources of growth, it will grow below potential for several years. Potential GDP growth might also take a hit, falling from around 2.8% during 1997-2008 to around 2.25% in the coming years. Productivity growth has held up—on a temporary basis—during the current recession, not due to innovation or productive investment, but due to aggressive cuts in labor and labor hours by firms. In the coming years, productivity growth will remain under pressure as workers age, structural unemployment rises, labor skills deteriorate, and investment and innovation slow.