14 Delegations in Favour of Resolution 2334 (2016) as United States Abstains
The Security Council reaffirmed this afternoon that Israel’s
establishment of settlements in Palestinian territory occupied since
1967, including East Jerusalem, had no legal validity, constituting a
flagrant violation under international law and a major obstacle to the
vision of two States living side-by-side in peace and security, within
internationally recognized borders.
Adopting resolution 2334 (2016) by 14 votes, with the United States
abstaining, the Council reiterated its demand that Israel immediately
and completely cease all settlement activities in the occupied
Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem. It underlined that it
would not recognize any changes to the 4 June 1967 lines, including with
regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the two sides through
negotiations.
The Council called for immediate steps to prevent all acts of
violence against civilians, including acts of terror, as well as all
acts of provocation and destruction. It further called for the
strengthening of ongoing efforts to combat terrorism, including through
existing security coordination, and to clearly condemn all acts of
terrorism. The Council called on both sides to observe calm and
restraint, and to refrain from provocative actions, incitement and
inflammatory rhetoric in order to de-escalate the situation on the
ground and rebuild trust and confidence.
Also by the text, the Council called on all parties to continue to
exert collective efforts to launch credible negotiations on all
final-status issues in the Middle East peace process, and within the
time frame specified by the Middle East Quartet (European Union, Russian
Federation, United Nations, United States) in its statement of 21
September 2010. It called upon all States to distinguish, in their
relevant dealings, between the territory of the State of Israel and the
territories occupied since 1967.
Explaining her delegation’s abstention, the representative of the
United States said it had been a long-standing position of her country
that settlements undermined Israel’s security and eroded prospects for
peace and stability. She emphasized, however, that her vote today had
not been straightforward. Explaining that Israel had been treated
differently from other States for as long as it had been a member of the
United Nations, she noted that during the course of 2016,
18 resolutions adopted in the General Assembly and others in the Human
Rights Council had all condemned Israel. It was because of that bias
that the United States had not voted in favour of the resolution, she
said, emphasizing that her delegation would not have let the resolution
pass had it not addressed terrorism and incitement to violence.
Malaysia’s representative said effective Council action must be taken
without further delay to reverse dangerous trends on the ground that
were threatening any possibility of a two-State solution. Settlement
activity constituted the single biggest threat to peace, and had led to
settler violence, home demolitions and denial of development. Decades
of human rights violations had frustrated those with nothing to lose,
leading to acts of violence, she said, adding that the resolution could
give hope to the people of Palestine and Israel, the majority of whom
still wanted peace and a two-State solution.
Israel’s representative said those who had voted “yes” to the
resolution had voted “no” to negotiations, to progress and to a chance
for better lives for both Israelis and Palestinians, and to the
possibility of peace. The resolution would continue to provide excuses
for the Palestinians to avoid recognizing Israel’s right to exist, he
said, adding that the Council had voted to condemn the State of Israel
and the Jewish people for building homes in the land of Israel, and to
deny “our eternal rights” in Jerusalem. “We will continue to be a
democratic State based on the rule of law and full civil and human
rights for all our citizens,” he declared. “And we will continue to be a
Jewish State proudly reclaiming the land of our forefathers.”
The Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine said the Council’s
action, while long-overdue, was timely, necessary and important. The
resolution required vigilant follow-up if it was to be meaningful and
salvage a two-State solution from relegation to history’s archives.
Israel’s illegal settlements and its wall had undermined the contiguity
of Palestinian land and isolated East Jerusalem. To claims of bias, he
said the only bias was against law, reason and the vision of two States
as the most viable solution.
Egypt’s representative said the text expressed the painful reality of
illegitimate settlements and confiscation of Palestinian land. Noting
that his delegation had been compelled to withdraw its own draft
resolution, he emphasized that it was unacceptable for some Council
members to have warned Egypt, recalling that his country had been the
first to make peace with Israel.
Also this afternoon, Council President Román Oyarzun Marchesi (Spain)
expressed appreciation for the contributions of Council members whose
term would expire at the end of 2016 — Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand,
Spain and Venezuela.
Also speaking today were representatives of New Zealand, Venezuela,
France, China, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Russian Federation, Japan,
Angola and Senegal.
The meeting began at 2:07 p.m. and ended at 3:50 p.m.
Action on Draft Resolution
RAMLAN BIN IBRAHIM (
Malaysia), noting that he was a sponsor of
the draft, recalled numerous calls over the years for urgent Council
action to end illegal settlement construction, and said that a recent
attempt to legalize settlements on Palestinian-owned land added to the
urgency. Effective Council action must be taken without further delay
to reverse dangerous trends on the ground that threatened any
possibility of a two-State solution. While Malaysia would have
preferred a more transparent and normal process of submitting the text
to the Council, the present situation was unique, he emphasized,
appealing to fellow Council members not to lose the opportunity to
advance the peace. The time to show that a two-State solution was not
an empty slogan was now, he added.
GERARD VAN BOHEMEN (
New Zealand) also noted his delegation’s
sponsorship of the draft, expressed frustration that no draft on the
Middle East had been adopted in the past eight years. He surveyed the
draft’s drafting and negotiation history, saying what was needed was a
text that moved the peace process forward by building on the broad
consensus that settlements were a major obstacle and that all violence
must end.
RAFAEL DARÍO RAMÍREZ CARREÑO (
Venezuela), a third sponsor,
said today’s action could be historic. The decision to table the draft
was important due to the ongoing expansion of settlements and in order
to safeguard the Palestinian people and salvage the peace process. The
draft resolution reaffirmed the right of both Israelis and Palestinians
to live within secure borders, on the basis of the 1967 lines. At the
same time, it addressed the settlement problem and condemned violence.
There was wide consensus among Member States, the Secretary-General,
other members of the Middle East Quartet and other stakeholders, he
noted, urging adoption of the text.
The Council then adopted the draft resolution by 14 votes in favour with 1 abstention (United States).
Statements
AMR ABDELLATIF ABOULATTA (
Egypt) said the text adopted today
expressed the painful reality of illegitimate settlements and
confiscation of Palestinian land. The settlement question was one
component of the final-status issues — that of borders. Noting that his
country, had been compelled to withdraw its own draft, he stressed that
it was unacceptable for some Council members to have warned Egypt.
Recalling that Egypt had been the first Arab country to make peace with
Israel, he said it believed in peace based on a two-State solution and
the land-for-peace initiative.
SAMANTHA POWER (
United States) said the immediate adoption of a
freeze on settlements could create confidence, adding that further
settlement activities were not necessary for Israel’s security.
President Ronald Reagan had said that in 1982, she recalled, noting that
his words underscored her country’s commitment to a lasting peace
between Israelis and Palestinians and highlighted its position that
settlements undermined Israel’s security and eroded prospects for peace
and stability.
She said that while her vote today was in line with her country’s
bipartisan tradition, the vote itself had not been straightforward.
Explaining that Israel had been treated differently from other States
for as long as it had been a member of the United Nations, she pointed
out that in the course of 2016, 18 resolutions had been adopted in the
General Assembly and others in the Human Rights Council, all condemning
Israel. Because of that bias, and some factors not included in the
resolution, the United States had not voted in favour of the resolution,
she said, explaining that her delegation would not have let it pass had
it not addressed acts of terrorism and incitement to violence.
The issue of settlements was now putting a two-State solution at risk
too, she continued. The number of settlers had increased dramatically,
and legislation now before the Knesset would legalize most of their
outposts. Emphasizing that one must make a choice between settlements
and separation, she said her delegation had not supported the resolution
because it was focused too narrowly on settlements.
She went on to stress that Palestinian leaders must recognize that
incitement for violence eroded prospects for peace. There had been
hundreds of attacks, but rather than being condemned, the attackers were
upheld as heroes. Israel faced threats in a difficult neighbourhood,
and the United States would not waver in its commitment to its security,
she said, underlining that a two-State solution was the only path to
peace for the people of Israel and Palestine. It was up to them to
choose that path.
FRANÇOIS DELATTRE (
France) described the resolution’s adoption
as an important and historic event, noting that it marked the first
time that the Council had clearly stated the obvious: settlement
activities undermined a two-State solution. Israel’s settlement
building had accelerated, fuelling tension on the ground, and it was now
part of a deliberate policy aiming to create facts on the ground in the
West Bank and east Jerusalem. Acts of violence, incitement and
terrorism also undermined the chances for a two-State solution, he said,
pointing out that the resolution strongly reiterated its condemnation
of all acts of terrorism and called on the Palestinian Authority to
discourage them. The resolution was also meant to create the conditions
for a resumption of negotiations. Emphasizing that peace could only be
based on a two-State solution, he said France would organize an
international conference in Paris to re-launch the negotiation process.
Today’s resolution and the Paris conference were both aimed at
reiterating support for a two-State solution, he added.
RAFAEL DARIO RAMÍREZ CARREÑO (
Venezuela), welcoming the
resolution’s adoption, said it allowed the Council to emerge from
inaction and work for the resumption of negotiations towards a two-State
solution. Of course that was just one step towards that goal, but it
was necessary because it seriously affected both the Palestinian people
and the prospects for peace, he said. Israel must now end all illegal
practices of the occupation, including its blockade on the Gaza Strip
and all settlement activity. Reiterating condemnation of all terrorism
as well as all violations of the human rights of Palestinians, he said
he was pleased that, as his country ended its term, the Council had
finally acted on the settlement issue.
WU HAITAO (
China), welcoming the adoption, said the resolution
reflected the common aspiration of the international community. He
urged Israel to implement the resolution and called upon both sides to
re-establish mutual trust so that a just and lasting solution could be
reached in the form of two secure States coexisting peacefully. China
would continue to support efforts to achieve that goal, he pledged.
MATTHEW RYCROFT (
United Kingdom) said the adoption reaffirmed
the belief that a two-State solution was the only way to a just and
lasting peace. In that context, it was critical to end all terrorism
and incitement, he emphasized, adding that it was also necessary to end
the expansion of settlements. The United Kingdom rejected all efforts
to de-legitimize Israel, and it was as a friend of that country that it
supported the resolution text, since it was in the best interests of
both sides and renewed efforts for a peaceful two-State solution. He
stressed, however, that he did not anticipate an easy road to that goal.
LUIS BERMÚDEZ (
Uruguay) said the resolution represented a
critical effort to address negative trends in the conflict between
Israel and the Palestinians. Hopefully it would be a call for action
towards the resumption of negotiations on a peaceful, negotiated
two-State solution. Uruguay would continue to support that goal, he
pledged, noting that both Israelis and Palestinians deserved it,
exhausted as they were by many decades of conflict.
VITALY I. CHURKIN (
Russian Federation), explaining that he had
been puzzled by the process around the resolution and by the haste with
which it had been “pushed” to the vote, agreed with other speakers
that settlement activities undermined the chances for a two-State
solution, as did acts of terror and incitement to violence. Emphasizing
that his country had been involved in the peace process for a long
time, he said the work of the Middle East Quartet (European Union,
Russian Federation, United Nations, United States) remained important
and effective. Its July report was still relevant, and implementation
of its recommendations would help to return the process to the political
track, he added.
KORO BESSHO (
Japan) said he was deeply concerned about the
current stagnation in the peace process. Noting that settlement
activities were in violation of international law and had been eroding
the viability of a two-State solution, he emphasized the importance of
the parties committing themselves to the resolution. Peace in the
Middle East could only be realized through negotiations, he said,
stressing that Japan would not recognize any unilateral change by either
party that might pre-judge the final resolution of the conflict.
RAMLAN BIN IBRAHIM (
Malaysia) said that after decades of
paralysis the Council had finally taken effective action to reverse the
negative trends threatening peace and a two-State solution. Thanking
Council members who had voted in favour of the resolution, he said he
was encouraged by the restraint demonstrated by some permanent members.
Settlement activity constituted the single biggest threat to peace and a
two-State solution, and had led to settler violence, home demolitions,
as well as the denial of development. Decades of violations of human
rights violations had frustrated those with nothing to lose, which had
led to acts of violence, he said. The resolution could give hope to the
people of Palestine and Israel, the majority of whom still wanted peace
under a two-State solution. The adoption was also a victory for people
in Israel who still believed in living side by side in peace with the
Palestinians and other Arab people. While emphasizing the need to
reflect on the collective failures of the past 50 years, he also
cautioned that today’s resolution only addressed the symptoms and not
the root causes of the conflict.
ISMAEL ABRAÃO GASPAR MARTINS (
Angola), welcomed the
resolution’s adoption, saying that the problem of settlements had
continued for far too long. It was disappointing that Israel disputed
its illegality. Urging both sides to refrain from unilateral actions
that could hinder a two-State solution, he said that such a solution
would require unity on the Council, among Palestinians and among
Israelis. Angola hoped today’s action was a first step in the right
direction.
GERARD VAN BOHEMEN (
New Zealand) said he was very pleased that
during the last meeting of 2016, the Council had been able to take a
positive step to save a two-State solution. Settlements were a threat
to that goal, but so were violence and terrorism, he said, adding that
they also created false expectations on the part of Israelis and
resentments on the part of Palestinians. Today’s resolution confirmed
principles that had long been accepted in the United Nations, he said,
adding that, while more could have been done, the text was achievable
“right now”.
GORGUI CISS (
Senegal), welcoming the adoption, affirmed that
the settlements were illegal under international law. They encouraged
violence against both Israelis and Palestinians, and harmed the
aspirations of both to a peaceful future. Renewing condemnations of all
acts of terrorism and violence while expressing support for initiatives
that could move the peace process forward, he called for the
coordination of all such initiatives.
ROMÁN OYARZUN MARCHESI (
Spain), Council President for
December, said he had voted in favour of the resolution because it would
help to save the prospects for a two-State solution, which must be
negotiated between the two sides. However, the Council must fulfil its
responsibilities and act on the basis of consensus and a balanced text
that could move the process forward. Spain had always affirmed the
illegality of the settlements and condemned incitement to violence, he
recalled, noting that today’s resolution was consistent with both
positions. Welcoming the Council’s breaking of its silence on the
issue, he pledged that his country would continue to make whatever
contribution possible to advance peace in the Middle East.
DANNY DANON (
Israel) described today as a bad day for his
country and the peak of hypocrisy. The Council had wasted time to
condemn Israel for building homes in the Jewish people’s historic
homeland. Those who had voted yes had voted no to negotiations, to
progress and to a chance for better lives for both Israelis and
Palestinians, he said, adding that they had voted no to the possibility
of peace. The resolution would continue to provide excuses for the
Palestinians to avoid recognizing Israel’s right to exist, he said.
There had been a disproportionate number of resolutions condemning
Israel and today’s text would be added to that shameful list.
He went on to call upon the Council to turn a new page and end the
bias against Israel. Today it had voted to condemn the State of Israel
and to condemn the Jewish people for building homes in the Land of
Israel. Asking every voting member who had given them the right to
issue such a decree, denying “our eternal rights in Jerusalem”, he
expressed full confidence in the justice of Israel’s cause and the
righteousness of its path. “We will continue to be a democratic State
based on the rule of law and full civil and human rights for all our
citizens,” he emphasized. “And we will continue to be a Jewish State
proudly reclaiming the land of our forefathers.”
RIYAD MANSOUR, Permanent Observer for the
State of Palestine,
said that the Council’s action, while long overdue, was timely,
necessary and important. Over the years, the delegation of the State of
Palestine had made countless appeals for the Council to uphold its
Charter duties, insisting on the need to confront Israel’s oppression of
Palestinians and its relentless colonization of their land under a
half-century of foreign occupation. Those appeals had been calls for
the Council to contribute to the cause of peace — for Palestine, Israel,
the Middle East and the world, he said.
The resolution would require vigilant follow-up if it was to be
meaningful and if it would salvage the two-State solution from
relegation to history’s archives, he said. Urgent efforts would be
needed to reverse the dangerous, negative trends on the ground and to
advance collective efforts to end the occupation that had begun
in 1967. For five decades, the occupation had persisted with full
force, its illegal settlements and wall having undermined the contiguity
of Palestinian lands and isolated East Jerusalem. In response to
claims of bias, he said the only bias taking place was bias against law,
reason and the vision of two States as the most viable solution.
Urging the Security Council to stand firm by its decision, he
expressed hope that the global call for an end to Israel’s settlement
activities and violations would compel its compliance with the law,
de-escalate tensions and bring an end to violence. That would be vital
for salvaging the prospects for peace and should be led by responsible
Council action, including follow-up to the reports requested of the
Secretary-General in relation to implementation of today’s resolution.
Recognizing the efforts of Arab States in the context of the Arab Peace
Initiative, as well as those of France, the Quartet, Egypt and the
Russian Federation, he called for intensified international and regional
efforts to end Israel’s occupation and build a just and lasting peace
in an independent, sovereign and contiguous State of Palestine, side by
side with Israel and within secure and recognized borders.
Resolution
The full text of resolution 2334 (2016) reads as follows:
“
The Security Council,
“
Reaffirming its relevant resolutions, including resolutions
242 (1967),
338 (1973),
446 (1979),
452 (1979),
465 (1980),
476 (1980),
478 (1980),
1397 (2002),
1515 (2003), and
1850 (2008),
“
Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirming,
inter alia, the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force,
“
Reaffirming the obligation of Israel, the occupying Power,
to abide scrupulously by its legal obligations and responsibilities
under the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of
Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, and
recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice,
“
Condemning all measures aimed at altering the demographic
composition, character and status of the Palestinian Territory occupied
since 1967, including East Jerusalem, including,
inter alia,
the construction and expansion of settlements, transfer of Israeli
settlers, confiscation of land, demolition of homes and displacement of
Palestinian civilians, in violation of international humanitarian law
and relevant resolutions,
“
Expressing grave concern that continuing Israeli settlement
activities are dangerously imperilling the viability of the two-State
solution based on the 1967 lines,
“
Recalling the obligation under the Quartet Roadmap, endorsed by its resolution
1515 (2003),
for a freeze by Israel of all settlement activity, including “natural
growth”, and the dismantlement of all settlement outposts erected since
March 2001,
“
Recalling also the obligation under the Quartet roadmap for
the Palestinian Authority Security Forces to maintain effective
operations aimed at confronting all those engaged in terror and
dismantling terrorist capabilities, including the confiscation of
illegal weapons,
“
Condemning all acts of violence against civilians,
including acts of terror, as well as all acts of provocation, incitement
and destruction,
“
Reiterating its vision of a region where two democratic
States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side in peace within secure
and recognized borders,
“
Stressing that the status quo is not sustainable and that
significant steps, consistent with the transition contemplated by prior
agreements, are urgently needed in order to (i) stabilize the situation
and to reverse negative trends on the ground, which are steadily eroding
the two-State solution and entrenching a one-State reality, and (ii) to
create the conditions for successful final status negotiations and for
advancing the two-State solution through those negotiations and on the
ground,
“1.
Reaffirms that the establishment by Israel of
settlements in the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including
East Jerusalem, has no legal validity and constitutes a flagrant
violation under international law and a major obstacle to the
achievement of the two-State solution and a just, lasting and
comprehensive peace;
“2.
Reiterates its demand that Israel immediately and
completely cease all settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian
territory, including East Jerusalem, and that it fully respect all of
its legal obligations in this regard;
“3.
Underlines that it will not recognize any changes to
the 4 June 1967 lines, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than
those agreed by the parties through negotiations;
“4.
Stresses that the cessation of all Israeli settlement
activities is essential for salvaging the two-State solution, and calls
for affirmative steps to be taken immediately to reverse the negative
trends on the ground that are imperilling the two-State solution;
“5.
Calls upon all States, bearing in mind paragraph 1 of
this resolution, to distinguish, in their relevant dealings, between the
territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since
1967;
“6.
Calls for immediate steps to prevent all acts of
violence against civilians, including acts of terror, as well as all
acts of provocation and destruction, calls for accountability in this
regard, and calls for compliance with obligations under international
law for the strengthening of ongoing efforts to combat terrorism,
including through existing security coordination, and to clearly condemn
all acts of terrorism;
“7.
Calls upon both parties to act on the basis of
international law, including international humanitarian law, and their
previous agreements and obligations, to observe calm and restraint, and
to refrain from provocative actions, incitement and inflammatory
rhetoric, with the aim,
inter alia, of de-escalating the
situation on the ground, rebuilding trust and confidence, demonstrating
through policies and actions a genuine commitment to the two-State
solution, and creating the conditions necessary for promoting peace;
“8.
Calls upon all parties to continue, in the interest of
the promotion of peace and security, to exert collective efforts to
launch credible negotiations on all final status issues in the Middle
East peace process and within the time frame specified by the Quartet in
its statement of 21 September 2010;
“9.
Urges in this regard the intensification and
acceleration of international and regional diplomatic efforts and
support aimed at achieving, without delay a comprehensive, just and
lasting peace in the Middle East on the basis of the relevant United
Nations resolutions, the Madrid terms of reference, including the
principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative and the Quartet
Roadmap and an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967; and
underscores
in this regard the importance of the ongoing efforts to advance the
Arab Peace Initiative, the initiative of France for the convening of an
international peace conference, the recent efforts of the Quartet, as
well as the efforts of Egypt and the Russian Federation;
“10.
Confirms its determination to support the parties throughout the negotiations and in the implementation of an agreement;
“11.
Reaffirms its determination to examine practical ways and means to secure the full implementation of its relevant resolutions;
“12.
Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Council every three months on the implementation of the provisions of
the present resolution;
“13.
Decides to remain seized of the matter.”
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