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Friday, January 11, 2013

WPR Articles 07 Jan 2013 - 11 Jan 2013

World Politics Review | Article Newsletter
World Politics Review

WPR Articles 07 Jan 2013 - 11 Jan 2013

Mangaung Conference Puts South Africa's Zuma, ANC Back on Track

By: James Hamill | Briefing
In three key areas, the national conference of South Africa’s ruling African National Congress, held in December, pointed toward a more purposeful movement, one in theory better equipped to address the country’s challenges and end the era of drift and paralysis caused by the ANC’s apparently endless internecine strife. But conference resolutions are not the same as policy implementation.

Global Insights: Karzai's Washington Visit Could be Decisive for U.S. Role in Afghanistan

By: Richard Weitz | Column
Afghan President Hamid Karzai’s meetings this week in Washington should help resolve some of the issues that will determine his country’s fate and the U.S. role in it, including uncertainties concerning peace negotiations as well as how Karzai will transfer power to his successor in 2014. Above all, the meetings will highlight the limits of U.S. power in a land that has seen generations of conflict.

In Latin America, Creative Focus Could Pay Off

By: Christopher Sabatini | Feature
While Latin America may never figure on the list of the U.S. executive’s top concerns, several innovative pushes across the U.S. foreign policy apparatus would not only dramatically help advance U.S. relations and leadership in the region, they would also set the tone for relations for decades to come, while making sure the region never gets what many have wrongly longed for: the president’s urgent attention.

In Transition to Civilian Rule, Myanmar Can Learn From Chile

By: Jane Esberg | Briefing
In a year marked by democratic setbacks, Myanmar emerged as an unlikely success story. Myanmar’s reforms happened because of, rather than despite, longtime dictator Gen. Than Shwe, in particular his decision to hand power willingly over to President Thein Sein. A rare parallel to Myanmar’s transition can be found in Chile, where military dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet left power similarly in 1990.

U.S. Must Keep Planning Realistic for Arctic 'Opening'

By: Will Rogers | Briefing
The Arctic is melting faster than anyone predicted, increasing regional shipping and energy exploration beneath the frigid waters. But in spite of these trends, the Arctic probably won’t become a bustling hub of commercial activity anytime soon. Setting realistic expectations for the region will pay dividends to U.S. policymakers charged with figuring out how to protect America’s Arctic interests.

Diplomatic Fallout: Obama, Kerry Face Global Diplomacy Shortage

By: Richard Gowan | Column
Diplomacy is back in fashion in Washington. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has restored much of the confidence the State Department lost in the Bush era. Her successor, Sen. John Kerry, is likely to continue the healing process. But history may be about to play a trick on the Obama administration. The diplomatic renaissance in the U.S. seems to be coinciding with a decline in diplomacy among other powers.

Myanmar-Rebel Conflict is Not Black and White

By: Catherine Cheney | Trend Lines
Last week, Myanmar’s military launched airstrikes against ethnic rebels from Kachin state in a conflict that has escalated since a cease-fire fell apart in 2011.

Central African Republic Faces Risk of Fragmentation in Seleka Rebellion

By: Alex Thurston | Briefing
In the Central African Republic, a rebel coalition has captured at least 11 towns and cities since launching an offensive on Dec. 10.
Efforts at dialogue between the rebels and the government are underway, but both sides have presented demands on which they refuse to negotiate. Given the current impasse, talks may well fall apart, spelling trouble for President Francois Bozizé -- and the CAR.

Confronting Iran in a Changing Middle East

By: Matthew Duss | Feature
As President Barack Obama begins his second term, it is safe to assume that events in the Middle East will continue to occupy a considerable amount of bandwidth for the administration, even as Washington continues to manage a rebalancing of U.S. security investments toward Asia. Chief among the president’s Middle East agenda items will be Iran. It is important, however, to understand how other regional dynamics relate to and impact U.S. policy.

Extremists Try to Rock the Boat in Northern Ireland Protests

By: Catherine Cheney | Trend Lines
Protests have erupted in Northern Ireland in response to a vote by the Belfast City Council to fly the United Kingdom’s flag, with its trademark Union Jack symbol, above City Hall only on designated days, rather than every day of the year as has been the tradition for the past century.

For U.S. in Africa, Benign Neglect No Longer an Option

By: Richard Downie | Feature
Many Africans had big expectations about the amount of attention they would receive from the U.S. during President Barack Obama’s first term. Yet, the administration’s approach to Africa was relatively low key compared with the Bush presidency’s flurry of big-ticket initiatives. Looking ahead to Obama’s second term, new administration will have to work harder than ever to advance its objectives, and think strategically about what it can offer Africans that others cannot.

Obama and Europe: Beneath Affinity, a Growing Gulf

By: Mark Leonard, Hans Kundnani | Feature
In many ways, Barack Obama is the kind of U.S. president that Europeans have always said they wanted: a pragmatist who is willing to change course when plans fail, and who is inclined to work with any power that shares his objectives. Yet this pragmatic worldview, which Europeans welcome, is actually loosening the bonds holding Europe and the U.S. together -- and may even be contributing to the hollowing out of the liberal order itself.

Opportunity Knocks for Obama on Trade

By: Edward Alden | Feature
The trade agreements under negotiation in 2013 could produce the biggest negotiated liberalization of trade since the early 1990s, when NAFTA and the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations were completed. These new moves are not the result of any grand strategy by the United States or any other country, but instead are the flowering of initiatives that have either been under consideration or moving forward slowly for many years.

Why Two Asias May be Better Than None

By: Amitav Acharya | Feature
The idea of an Economic Asia and a Security Asia in a seemingly irreconcilable relationship makes for a fashionable sound bite, but it misreads the nature and implications of the emerging economic and political order in Asia. Even if a “two Asias” scenario materializes, greater regional instability will not necessarily ensue. In fact, there would be advantages to Asia’s security and economic relations being dominated by two different great powers.

Global Insider: New Presidents in Brazil, France Expand Cooperation Despite Obstacles

By: The Editors | Trend Lines
In an email interview, Antonio Ramalho, an expert on Brazil-European Union relations at Brasilia University, explained the obstacles and opportunities facing the France-Brazil bilateral relationship.

Strategic Horizons: Does America Need Two Armies?

By: Steven Metz | Column
While both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps were created during the American Revolution, until the 20th century they had very different missions. Eventually, though, the distinction between the two services narrowed, and both Army and Marine leaders assume this convergence will continue. If the only real distinction between the Army and the Marine Corps is one of size, does the United States still need both?

To Heal Divisions, Brunei Must Take Proactive Role in ASEAN Disputes

By: Richard Javad Heydarian | Briefing
After a year of intense diplomatic brinkmanship over the management of maritime disputes in the South China Sea, Cambodia passed the rotating chairmanship of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to the tiny kingdom of Brunei. Despite Brunei’s size and penchant for low-key diplomacy, there are reasons to expect a relatively more constructive and decisive ASEAN leadership under its leadership this year.

Kashmir Violence a Manifestation of Underlying Instability

By: Catherine Cheney | Trend Lines
A Pakistani soldier was killed today near the Line of Control, the de facto border dividing the disputed Kashmir region between India and Pakistan, becoming the fourth fatality in a week of cross-border violence.

World Citizen: Will Venezuela-Iran Links Survive Chávez?

By: Frida Ghitis | Column
During almost 14 years in office, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez has tried at every step to antagonize U.S. goals and undermine Washington’s influence. Perhaps the greatest irritant of all was the close relationship he forged with Iran. The question for Washington now is how to maximize the chances that once Chávez leaves the scene, the ties linking Caracas and Tehran will fade.

Global Insider: Brazil’s Complex Defense Industry is Not for Amateurs

By: The Editors | Trend Lines
In an email interview, Salvador Raza, a former Brazilian naval officer and current adjunct professor at National Defense University, and Peterson Silva, a doctoral student at the University of Sao Paulo, discussed the state of the Brazilian defense sector in an email interview.

The Realist Prism: The Obama Doctrine 3.0

By: Nikolas Gvosdev | Column
The first iteration of President Barack Obama's approach to national security was an attempt to channel the moderate realism of the George H.W. Bush administration. The beginnings of the "Arab awakening" heralded a second phase, where the realists lost the major arguments over Libya and Egypt. His nominees this week for State and Defense could herald the third phase of Obama's national security approach.
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