Readings on Bahrain

1. Unless otherwise noted, all basic information about Bahrain is taken from three sources:
   The CIA World Factbook: Bahrain
   BBC Country Profile: Bahrain
   Al Jazeera Country Profile: Bahrain
2. United Nations Security Council Resolution 278.
3. Cable 09MANAMA91, Bahrain as Iran’s Fourteenth Province.
4. F.H. Lawson. Countries at the Crossroads: Bahrain. A Freedom House Report.
5. Pepe Escobar (February 18, 2011). All about Pearl roundabout. Asia Times.
6. Husain Abdulla (October 15, 2008). Nabeel Rajab: Shia only holds 13% of the high official post in the country. Bahrain Center for Human Rights.
7. Nicholas Kristof (February 22, 2011). Is this Apartheid in Bahrain. New York Times.
8. Finnian Cunningham (February 18, 2011). Bahrain: The Social Roots of Revolt Against Another US Ally. Global Research.
9. 2011 Index of Economic Freedom: Bahrain. The Heritage Foundation.
10. Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Raymond Barrett (February 21, 2011). How a broken social contract sparked Bahrain protests. Christian Science Monitor.
12. Zara Al Sitari (September, 2006). “Al Bander-Gate”: A political scandal in Bahrain. Bahrain Center for Human Rights.
13. The Economist (April 3, 2008). Bahrain: Not so sunny for Shias.
14. Bahrain Center for Human Rights (January 15, 2009). Bahrain: An oppressive campaign against Shia.
15. Bahrain National Action Charter.
16. Amnesty International (February 19, 2011). Appeal for action: Deaths and injuries in Bahrain.
17. Human Rights Watch (February 28, 2011). Bahrain: Hold perpetrators of crackdown accountable.
18. Janine Zacharia (February 19, 2011). Washington Post.
19. Noam Chomsky (February 4, 2011). It’s not radical Islam that worries the US –it’s independence. Guardian.
20. Zunes, S. (2003). Tinderbox: U.S. foreign policy and the roots of terrorism. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. Quote taken from page 11.
21. Mark Mazzetti (September 24, 2006). Spy agencies say Iraq War worsens terrorism threat. New York Times.
22. Noam Chomsky (1999) “Stability” Excerpted from Fateful triangle.
23. Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command, U.S. Fifth Fleet. http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/mission/mission.html”>Official Mission Statement.
24. Anees al-Qudaihi (March 24, 2009) Saudi Arabia’s Shia press for rights. BBC.
25. The Economist (March 3, 2011). The royal house is rattled to.
26. The Guardian (March 6, 2011). Saudi Arabia bans public protest.
27. Mina Kines (February 24, 2011). America’s hottest export: Weapons. Fortune.
28. Kristen Chick (October 6, 2010). How arms deals are shaping the Mideast. Christian Science Monitor.
29. Jeremy M. Sharp (June 15, 2010). U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request. Congressional Research Service.
30. Adam Entous (February 23, 2011) U.S. reviews arms sales amid turmoil. Wall Street Journal.
31. The Guardian (February 15, 2011). US embassy cables: Bahrain’s relations with Iran.
32. Jason Ditz (February 18, 2011) The arsenal against democracy: US arms fuel Bahraini crackdown. Antiwar.com.
33. Peter Beaumont & Robert Booth (February 17, 2011). Bahrain uses UK-supplied weapons in protest crackdown. Guardian.
34. Jay Solomon (February 16, 2011). U.S. had year of warnings over Egypt. Wall Street Journal.
35. Justin Webb (June 2, 2009). Obama interview: The transcript. BBC.
36. Barak Ravid & Reuters (February 12, 2011). Netanyahu: Egypt-Israel peace is cornerstone of Mideast stability. Haaretz.
37. Mark Landler & David E. Sanger (February 15, 2011). U.S. follows two paths on unrest in Iran and Bahrain. New York Times.
38. Michael Slackman & Mark Landler (February 17, 2011). Bahrain turmoil poses fresh test for White House. New York Times.
39. Adam Entous & Julian E. Barnes (March 5, 2011). U.S. wavers on ‘Regime Change’. Wall Street Journal.
40. See Adam Entous & Julian E. Barnes for an excellent discussion of the administration’s thinking and diplomacy.
41. Ben Rooney (March 7, 2011) Oil tops $106 a barrel. CNNMoney.
42. Michael T. Klare (March 3, 2011). Oilquake in the Middle East: The Collapse of the Old Oil Order. TomDispatch.
43. Thomas Fuller (March 6, 2011). Bahrain’s promised spending fails to quell dissent. New York Times.
44. Simon Henderson (March 7, 2011). The battle for Bahrain. Washington Institute.
45. Al Jazeera (March 7, 2011). Bahrain protests reach US embassy.